Practice Final 2025

 The following will give you an idea of the format of the final exam. As you prepare, also reread the air midterm:  \https://gov20h.blogspot.com/2025/10/air-midterm-2025.html

I. Briefly identify 12 of 14 items (4 points each). Explain each item's meaning and significance. What is fair game for an identification?

• Items that we have discussed in class or on the blog;
• Items that appear in bold or italics in the readings;
• Items that cover several pages in the readings.

1. Democratic memos
2. Original application and original sense
3. Partisan trifectas
4. Article II
5. The jury “as a political institution”
6. Majority faction
7. The 10th Amendment
8. The Creationism Act
9. Transactional politics
10. The exclusionary rule
11. Timothy Matlack
12. Upton Sinclair and EPIC
13. Michele Bachmann
14. The nuclear freeze

II. Short essays. Answer three of four. Each answer should take about half a page. (6 points each).

• Briefly explain the origin and meaning of this passage: “[O]f those men who have overturned the liberties of republics, the greatest number have begun their career by paying an obsequious court to the people; commencing demagogues, and ending tyrants.” 
• Explain the differences among PIE, PO, PIG, and POG.
• Explain the origin and meaning of this passage: "Whenever possible, go outside the experience of the enemy."
• What does Mike Madrid say about Latinx?

III. Answer two of three essay questions (17 points each). Each answer should take about 2-3 large bluebook pages or 3-4 small bluebook pages.

• How would Tocqueville explain why a case such as Edwards v. Aguillard came to the Supreme Court?
• See this article.  Why did the witness invoke Madison and Hamilton?  What would supporters and opponents of the president say to these Founders?  https://www.foxnews.com/politics/impeachment-witness-tells-lawmakers-to-consider-having-to-answer-to-hamilton-and-madison-in-the-afterlife
• In certain ways, do Texas and California depart from their red- state/blue-state stereotypes?  Explain.

Bonus Questions (one point each). Very briefly identify the following:

Robert F. Prevost

Robert Bonta

Kevin Roberts

Robert Yandow

Robert Garcia

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