CMC Introductory American Government -- Honors: Civil Rights and Liberties

For next time: Edwards v. Aguillard, which illustrates several distinctive features of American government and political culture:

You need not look up the many references to precedent: just be aware that SCOTUS opinions rely heavily on previous cases.

Tocqueville (p. 270): “There is hardly a political question in the United States which does not sooner or later turn into a judicial one”
Judging and history (Wurman, ch. 6) and sense v. application (pp. 38-40)

Why did Hamilton originally reject a bill of rights?

Civil War Amendments

Amendment XIII Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude , except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Amendment XIV Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Amendment IV, Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Amendment XV Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.