Interests

 For Wednesday, Rauch: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/political-realism-rauch2.pdf 

VIDEO ON INTEREST GROUPS AND THE LOBBYING INDUSTRY

Tocqueville (Lawrence/Mayer ed., p. 518):

It often happens in democratic countries that many men who have the desire or directed toward that light, and those wandering spirits who had long sought each other the need to associate cannot do it, because all being very small and lost in the crowd, they do not see each other and do not know where to find each other. Up comes a newspaper that exposes to their view the sentiment or the idea that had been presented to each of them simultaneously but separately. All are immediately in the shadows finally meet each other and unite.

Trade and Professional Associations

• The IRS recognized 62,480 trade and professional associations in FY2020.
• Examples
• More than 20% of US workers need an occupational license, up from about 5 percent in the 1950s.

Labor Unions

• BLS data
• Trend

You will find more infographics at Statista

Non-economic

• Data on nonprofits.

WHY THE GUN LOBBY HAS POWER (NOT JUST THE CAMPAIGN MONEY)

Giving by party

Lobbying and Shadow Lobbying

 

Political Money

• Official federal contribution limits
• Super PACs
• Other Outside Spending and Dark Money