Darren Wilson, the white police officer who killed Michael Brown, has resigned from the Ferguson Police Department. Prosecutor, Robert McCulloch chose a grand jury instead of a preliminary hearing in the Ferguson case. Grand juries hear and see only what prosecutors put before them, unlike preliminary hearings where the defense is present. This case varied in many ways. For one, the defense was present and spent four hours testifying. Technically, prosecutors are required to present "exculpatory" evidence-evidence that suggests the defendant might be innocent-though there is no way to enforce this rule.  Where they have a choice, prosecutors often prefer grand juries because they are secret; everything is kept confidential to protect the defendant's reputation in the case that he/she is not indicted. Grand juries almost always return an indictment as requested by the prosecutor. In this case, McCulloch did not recommend a charge or charges against Officer Wilson. He also chose to make the testimony and evidence public for the sake of transparency. Even with this, protests of all sorts have broken out nationwide-some violent-in response to the grand jury's decision. This case also differs from typical grand jurors because the grand jury was given more leeway in calling witnesses and issuing subpoenas. As of right now, two investigations are underway. The FBI opened a civil rights case, and the Justice Department began a similar civil rights investigation to see if the Ferguson police have a history of racial discrimination or violence. Interestingly, the grand jury in this case was comprised of 9 white people and 3 black people, and the jury needed a three quarters majority to indict.